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Introduction
to Titus
Summary of the Book of Titus
This summary of the book of Titus provides information about the
title, author(s), date of writing, chronology, theme, theology, outline, a
brief overview, and the chapters of the Book of Titus.
Author
The author is Paul (see 1:1
and note; see also Introduction to 1 Timothy: Author).
Recipient
The letter is addressed to Titus, one of Paul's converts (see 1:4
and note) and a considerable help to Paul in his ministry. When Paul left
Antioch to discuss the gospel with the Jerusalem leaders, he took Titus with
him (Gal 2:1-3); acceptance of Titus (a Gentile) as a
Christian without circumcision vindicated Paul's stand there (Gal 2:3-5). Presumably Titus, who is not
referred to in Acts (but is mentioned 13 times in the rest of the NT), worked
with Paul at Ephesus during his third missionary journey (see map, p. 1724). It
is likely that he was the bearer of Paul's severe letter to the Corinthian
church (see Introduction to 2 Corinthians: Occasion). Paul was concerned about
the possible negative reaction of the Corinthian church to his severe letter,
so he arranged to meet Titus at Troas (2Co 2:12-13). When Titus did not appear, Paul
traveled on to Macedonia. There he met Titus and with great relief heard the
good news that the worst of the trouble was over at Corinth (2Co 7:6-7,13-14). Titus, accompanied by two
Christian brothers, was the bearer of 2 Corinthians (2Co 8:23) and was given the responsibility for
making final arrangements for the collection, begun a year earlier, in Corinth
(see 2Co 8:6,16-17 and notes).
Following Paul's release from his first Roman imprisonment (Ac
28), he and Titus worked briefly in Crete (1:5),
after which he commissioned Titus to remain there as his representative and
complete some needed work (1:5;
2:15; 3:12-13). Paul asked Titus to meet him at
Nicopolis (see map, p. 2487) when a replacement arrived (see 3:12
and note). Later, Titus went on a mission to Dalmatia (see 2Ti 4:10 and note), the last word we hear about
him in the NT. Considering the assignments given him, he obviously was a
capable and resourceful leader.
Crete
The fourth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, Crete lies
directly south of the Aegean Sea (see map and inset, p. 2308; cf. note on 1Sa 30:14; cf. also Paul's experiences there in Ac 27:7-13). In NT times life in Crete had sunk
to a deplorable moral level. The dishonesty, gluttony and laziness of its
inhabitants were proverbial (1:12).
Occasion and Purpose
Apparently Paul introduced Christianity in Crete when he and Titus
visited the island, after which he left Titus there to organize the converts.
Paul sent the letter with Zenas and Apollos, who were on a journey that took
them through Crete (3:13), to give Titus personal authorization and
guidance in meeting opposition (1:5;
2:1,7-8,15; 3:9),
instructions about faith and conduct, and warnings about false teachers. Paul
also informed Titus of his future plans for him (3:12).
Place and Date of Writing
Paul possibly wrote from Macedonia, for he had not yet reached
Nicopolis (see 3:12). The letter was written after he was
released from his first Roman imprisonment (Ac
28), probably between a.d. 63 and 65 -- or possibly at a later date
if he wrote after his assumed trip to Spain.
Distinctive Characteristics
Especially significant, considering the nature of the Cretan
heresy, are the repeated emphases on loving and doing and teaching "what
is good" (1:8,16; 2:3,7,14; 3:1,8,14) and the classic summaries of Christian
doctrine (2:11-14; 3:4-7).
Outline
I.
Greetings (1:1-4)
- Concerning Elders (1:5-9)
A.
Reasons for Leaving Titus in Crete (1:5)
- Qualifications of Elders (1:6-9)
III.
Concerning False Teachers (1:10-16)
- Concerning Various Groups in the
Congregations (ch. 2)
- The Instructions to
Different Groups (2:1-10)
- The Foundation for
Christian Living (2:11-14)
- The Duty of Titus (2:15)
V.
Concerning Believers in General (3:1-8)
- Obligations as
Citizens (3:1-2)
- Motives for Godly
Conduct (3:3-8)
VI.
Concerning Response to Spiritual Error (3:9-11)
- Conclusion, Final Greetings and
Benediction (3:12-15)
──《New
International Version》
Introduction to Titus
This epistle chiefly contains directions to
Titus concerning the elders of the Church, and the manner in which he should
give instruction; and the latter part tells him to urge obedience to
magistrates, to enforce good works, avoid foolish questions, and shun heresies.
The instructions the apostle gave are all plain and simple. The Christian
religion was not formed to answer worldly or selfish views, but it is the
wisdom of God and the power of God.
── Matthew Henry《Concise Commentary on Titus》
Titus General Review
AUTHOR: The apostle Paul, as stated in the salutation (1:1). The
testimony of church history also provides overwhelming support that
Paul is the author.
RECIPIENT: Titus, Paul's "true son in common faith" (1:4). There is
no mention of Titus by name in the book of Acts, but we can glean much
about him from the epistles of Paul. He was a Gentile by birth (Ga
2:3), and accompanied Paul to Jerusalem during the controversy over
circumcision (Ac 15:1-2; Ga 2:1-5).
During Paul's third missionary journey, Titus became his personal
emissary to the church at Corinth, seeking to learn how they received
his first letter. When Titus did not return to Troas as expected, Paul
anxiously went on to Macedonia (2 Co 2:12-13). It was there that Paul
and Titus finally connected, much to the relief and comfort of Paul
when Titus reported how well he was received by the Corinthians (2 Co
7:5-7,13-15). Paul then sent Titus and two others back to Corinth,
bearing the letter we call Second Corinthians, and exhorting the
brethren to complete their collection for the needy saints in Jerusalem
(2 Co 8:16-9:5).
At the time of the epistle to Titus, he had been left on the island of
Crete by Paul to "set in order the things that are lacking, and appoint
elders in every city" (Ti 1:5). If Paul's plans as expressed in this
epistle materialized, then Titus left soon after the arrival of Artemas
or Tychicus, and met Paul at Nicopolis in northwest Greece (cf. Ti
3:12). We last read of Titus that he had gone to Dalmatia (in modern
day Yugoslavia) during the final days of Paul's life (2 Ti 4:10).
TIME AND PLACE OF WRITING: The general consensus is that following
his first imprisonment in Rome the apostle Paul was released and
allowed to travel for several years before being arrested again. The
following itinerary has been proposed by the Ryrie Study Bible:
* Paul was released from his house arrest in Rome (where we find him
at the end of Acts), probably because his accusers did not choose
to press their charges against him before Caesar (Ac 24:1; 28:30).
Their case, therefore, was lost by default, and Paul was freed.
* Paul visited Ephesus, left Timothy there to supervise the
churches, and went on to Macedonia (northern Greece).
* From there he wrote 1 Timothy (1 Ti 1:3).
* He visited Crete, left Titus there to supervise those churches,
and went to Nicopolis in Achaia (southern Greece, Ti 3:12).
* Either from Macedonia or Nicopolis, he wrote this letter to
encourage Titus.
* He visited Troas (2 Ti 4:13), where he was suddenly arrested,
taken to Rome, imprisoned, and finally beheaded.
* From Rome, during this second imprisonment, he wrote 2 Timothy.
It cannot be established with certainty, but it possible that Paul
wrote this letter from Corinth, sometime around 63-66 A.D.
PURPOSE OF THE EPISTLE: Like his first epistle to Timothy, this letter
is written to a young preacher assigned a difficult task. Evidently
the churches on the island of Crete were in need of maturation, and
this letter is designed to assist Titus in that work. Therefore, Paul
wrote to encourage Titus:
* To see that qualified elders were appointed in every city (1:5-9)
* To preach things befitting "sound doctrine" (2:1)
* To exhort the brethren to be "zealous for good works" (2:14; 3:1,
8,14)
THEME OF THE EPISTLE: The key phrase in this epistle is "good works"
(1:16; 2:7,14; 3:1,8,14). An appropriate theme for this epistle might
therefore be:
"MAINTAIN GOOD WORKS!"
KEY VERSE: Titus 3:8
"This is a faithful saying, and these things I want you to affirm
constantly, that those who have believed in God should be careful
to maintain good works. These things are good and profitable for
men."
OUTLINE:
INTRODUCTION (1:1-4)
I. INSTRUCTIONS CONCERNING CHURCH ORGANIZATION (1:5-16)
A. QUALIFICATIONS OF ELDERS (1:5-9)
B. CHARACTERISTICS OF FALSE TEACHERS (1:10-16)
II. INSTRUCTIONS CONCERNING CHRISTIAN CONDUCT (2:1-3:11)
A. FOR THE OLDER MEN AND WOMEN (2:1-3)
B. FOR THE YOUNGER WOMEN AND MEN (2:4-8)
C. FOR THE SERVANTS (2:9-14)
D. FOR THE BRETHREN IN GENERAL (3:1-11)
CONCLUSION (3:12-15)
REVIEW QUESTIONS FOR THE INTRODUCTION
1) What were the circumstances in which we first find Titus and Paul
together? (Ga 2:1-5)
- Titus had accompanied Paul in attending the conference in
Jerusalem regarding circumcision
2) Why was Paul adamant in not allowing others to compel Titus to be
circumcised? (Ga 2:3-5)
- Titus was a Greek, not a Jew; to force him to be circumcised would
violate the truth of the gospel
3) With what church did Titus serve as Paul's messenger? (2 Co 7:6-7,
13-14)
- The church at Corinth
4) Why did Paul send Titus along with the second letter to Corinth?
(2 Co 8:16-9:5)
- To make sure that the Corinthians' gift for the needy saints in
Jerusalem would be ready
5) From where and when was this epistle to Titus possibly written?
- From Corinth, sometime between 63-66 A.D.
6) Where was Titus when this letter was written to him? (1:5)
- On the island of Crete
7) In this epistle, what three things does Paul exhort Titus to do?
(1:5-9; 2:1; 3:1,8,14)
- To see that qualified elders were appointed in every city
- To preach things befitting "sound doctrine"
- To exhort the brethren to be "zealous for good works"
8) What is the theme of this epistle, as suggested in the introductory
material?
- Maintain Good Works!
9) What is proposed as the key verse?
- Titus 3:8
10) According to the outline above, what are the main points of this
epistle?
- Instructions concerning church organization
- Instructions concerning Christian conduct
－－《Executable
Outlines》